19 problems of installing photovoltaic power stati

19 questions about installing photovoltaic power stations at home

installing a photovoltaic power station at home is really not that complicated, but for users who don't know, it's still necessary to ask more question marks. This article summarizes the problems that you may or may not think of in the installation plant, and gives solutions to the problems that can be saved in the form of image files. We will never use two of them if we can solve them in one article

1. What is distributed photovoltaic power generation

it is a new and promising way of comprehensive utilization of power generation and energy, which is different from the traditional centralized power generation (thermal power generation, etc.), and advocates the principle of generating electricity nearby, merging nearby, converting nearby, and using nearby; It can not only effectively provide power generation of the same scale system, but also effectively solve the problem of power loss in step-up or long-distance transportation

2. What are the advantages of photovoltaic power generation

economic and energy saving: generally, it is used spontaneously, and the excess power can be sold to the power supply company through the state electricity. When it is insufficient, it will be supplied by electricity. From then on, it can save electricity fees and get subsidies

heat insulation and cooling: heat insulation and temperature reduction can be achieved in summer and heat transfer can be reduced in winter

green environmental protection: distributed photovoltaic power generation projects have no noise, light pollution and radiation in the process of power generation, which is truly zero emission and zero pollution static power generation

aesthetic personality: it perfectly combines architecture or aesthetics with photovoltaic technology, so that the whole roof looks beautiful and atmospheric, has a strong sense of science and technology, and improves the value of the real estate itself

3. If the roof does not face south, is it impossible to install photovoltaic power generation system

can be installed, but the power generation is slightly less. The power generation is differentiated according to the direction of the roof. It is 100% if facing south, between% if facing east and West, and between% if facing north

4. Do you need to do it yourself every day

no need at all, because the system monitoring is fully automatic, it will start and close by itself, without manual control

5. How can I get the income and subsidies from selling electricity

before the merger, the power supply bureau needs you to provide the bank card number so that the local power supply bureau can settle monthly/every three months; And will sign a power purchase agreement with the power supply company; After the merger, the power supply bureau will take the initiative to settle accounts with you

6. Is the light intensity the power generation of my photovoltaic system

light intensity does not equal the power generation of local photovoltaic system with the advantages of high integration, stable performance and convenient adjustment. The difference is that the power generation of the photovoltaic system is based on the local light intensity, multiplied by an efficiency coefficient to obtain the actual power generation of the local photovoltaic system. This efficiency system is generally below 80%, and the system close to 80% is an excellent system. In Germany, the best system may achieve 82% system efficiency

7. Does rainy or cloudy days affect power generation

will have an impact. The power generation will be reduced, because the illumination time will be reduced, and the illumination intensity will be relatively weakened. However, the annual average power generation (such as 1100 kwh/kW/year) we calculated can be achieved

8. In rainy days, with limited photovoltaic system power generation, will my home not use enough electricity

this worry does not exist, because the photovoltaic system is a power generation system combined with the national power. Once photovoltaic power generation cannot meet the owner's power demand at any time, the system will automatically remove electricity from the national power for use, but the household electricity habit has changed from completely relying on the national power generation to partially relying on it

9. If there is dust or garbage on the surface of the system, will it affect the power generation

the impact is small, because the photovoltaic system is related to the irradiance of the sun, and the non obvious shadow will not have a significant impact on the power generation of the system. Moreover, the glass of the solar module has the function of surface self-cleaning, that is, in rainy days, the rain can wash the dirt on the surface of the module. Therefore, the operation and maintenance cost of photovoltaic system is very limited

10. Is there light pollution in photovoltaic system

does not exist. In principle, the photovoltaic system uses tempered glass coated with antireflection film to maximize light absorption and reduce reflection, thereby increasing power generation efficiency, and there is no light reflection or light pollution. The traditional curtain change single 1 extensive plastic granulator is a combination, intelligent plastic granulator, and the reflectivity of wall glass or automotive glass is 15% or more, while the reflectivity of photovoltaic glass from first-line module manufacturers is less than 6%. Therefore, it is lower than the light reflectivity of glass in other industries, so there is no light pollution

11. How to ensure the efficient and reliable operation of photovoltaic system for 25 years

first, we should strictly control the quality of product selection, and we must choose first-line brand component manufacturers, so as to ensure the power generation of components from the source without any problems for 25 years:

① the power generation of components is guaranteed for 25 years, Ensure the efficiency of components

② have a National Laboratory (cooperate with the strict quality control system of the production line)

③ large scale (the larger the production capacity, the larger the market share, and the more obvious the economies of scale)

④ strong goodwill (the stronger the brand effect, the better the after-sales service)

⑤ whether they only focus on solar photovoltaic (100% of photovoltaic enterprises and only subsidiaries have different attitudes towards the sustainability of the industry). In terms of system configuration, we must choose the reverse generator, combiner box, lightning protection module, distribution box, cable and other components with the best compatibility to match

second, in terms of system structure design and fixing with the roof, choose the most appropriate fixing method, and try not to damage the waterproof layer (that is, the fixing method of not installing expansion bolts on the waterproof layer). Even if it is to be repaired, there is a hidden danger of water leakage in the future. In terms of structure, we must ensure that the system strength is sufficient to deal with extreme weather such as hail, lightning, typhoon and heavy snow, otherwise it will be a hidden danger to the roof and property safety for 20 years

12. My roof is made of cement tiles. Can it bear the weight of photovoltaic system

the weight of photovoltaic system does not exceed 20 kg/m2. Generally, as long as the roof can bear the weight of solar water heater, there is no problem

13. How to make the power supply bureau accept the system after installation

before the design and installation of the system, professional installation companies should assist you to apply for the appropriate installed capacity to the local power supply bureau (or 95598), and start the construction after submitting the basic information of the owner and the personal distributed photovoltaic application form. After the completion, inform the power supply bureau. Within 10 days, the power company will send technicians to inspect and accept the project on site, and replace the photovoltaic two-way meter for free to measure the power generation, so that the subsequent subsidy settlement and payment can be made

14. How about the safety of household photovoltaic power generation, and how to deal with lightning, hail, electricity leakage and other problems

first of all, DC combiner box, inverter and other equipment lines have lightning protection and overload protection functions. When there is abnormal voltage such as lightning strike and leakage, it will be automatically closed and disconnected, so there is no safety problem. In addition, all metal frames and supports on the roof are grounded to ensure the safety of thunderstorm weather. Secondly, the surface of our photovoltaic modules are made of ultra impact resistant tempered glass, which has been subjected to rigorous tests (high temperature and high humidity) when passing the EU certification. It is difficult to damage the photovoltaic panels in general climate

15. How to make household photovoltaic power generation system

first of all, photovoltaic enterprises should collect your basic information, including house type, roof structure, roof area, monthly electricity consumption, and so on. According to the above information, photovoltaic enterprises will design the most economical and applicable system scheme for you to maximize benefits

16. What services are provided

provide one-stop services, including scheme design, system equipment, transportation and installation, and technical support and after-sales service

17. What equipment does distributed photovoltaic power generation include

main equipment: solar panel, inverter, AC and DC distribution box, photovoltaic metering meter box, support

auxiliary equipment: photovoltaic cable, AC cable, pipe clamp, lightning strip and lightning grounding, etc. Large power stations also need transformers, distribution cabinets and other auxiliary equipment

18. What is the installation area of distributed photovoltaic power generation

it should be calculated according to the actual area of your roof. Take 1kW as an example, the inclined roof needs an area of 8 square meters; The flat roof needs an area of 10 square meters. If you increase the capacity, you can push it like this

19. How do I calculate my income

the income includes three parts: electricity saved for self use, state subsidies and some local subsidies, and electricity revenue from selling electricity to power companies. Taking industry and commerce as an example, the formula is as follows:

self use: electricity charge 1.0 yuan/kWh, subsidy 0.37 yuan/kWh (national subsidy, 20 years, some regions also have local subsidies) =1.37 yuan/kWh

surplus electricity: 0.38 yuan/kWh (benchmark price of coal electricity) + 0.37 yuan/kWh (state subsidy, 20 years) =0.75 yuan/kWh

if the 1 kW system conservatively generates 1440 kwh of electricity a year, the annual income per kW is between 1080 yuan (surplus electricity) - 1972.8 yuan (self use). Of course, the more self use, the higher the income of power generation